In the framework of the study of homogeneous Lorentzian three-manifolds, we consider here the only class of examples which admit a four-dimensional group of isometries but are neither Lorentzian Bianchi–Cartan–Vranceanu spaces nor plane waves. We obtain an explicit description in global coordinates of these special homogeneous Lorentzian manifolds. We then prove that all such examples are non-gradient expanding Ricci solitons.
Accepted:
Keywords: Lorentzian Lie groups, isometry groups, Ricci solitons
Calvaruso, Giovanni  1 ; Pellegrino, Lorenzo  1 ; Zaeim, Amirhesam  2
Calvaruso, Giovanni; Pellegrino, Lorenzo; Zaeim, Amirhesam. Ricci solitons of special Lorentzian Lie groups with a four-dimensional isometry group. Journal of Lie Theory, Online first, pp. 1-11
@unpublished{10_5802_jolt_1430,
author = {Calvaruso, Giovanni and Pellegrino, Lorenzo and Zaeim, Amirhesam},
title = {Ricci solitons of special {Lorentzian} {Lie} groups with a four-dimensional isometry group},
journal = {Journal of Lie Theory},
publisher = {XXXX},
doi = {10.5802/jolt.1430},
language = {en},
note = {Online first},
}
[1] Kaluza–Klein type Ricci solitons on unit tangent sphere bundles, Differ. Geom. Appl., Volume 59 (2018), pp. 184-203 | Zbl | DOI | MR
[2] Einstein-like metrics on three-dimensional Riemannian homogeneous manifolds, Simon Stevin, Volume 66 (1992) no. 1-2, pp. 173-183 | Zbl | MR
[3] Ricci solitons on Lorentzian manifolds with large isometry groups, Bull. Lond. Math. Soc., Volume 43 (2011) no. 6, pp. 1219-1227 | Zbl | DOI | MR
[4] Lezioni sulla Teoria dei Gruppi Continui e Finiti di Trasformazioni, Ed. Zanichelli, 1928 | Zbl
[5] Lezioni di Geometria Differenziale, E. Spoerri Libraio-Editore, 1894 | Zbl
[6] Homogeneous plane waves, Nucl. Phys., B, Volume 654 (2003) no. 1-2, pp. 135-176 | Zbl | DOI | MR
[7] Three-dimensional Lorentzian homogeneous Ricci solitons, Isr. J. Math., Volume 188 (2012), pp. 385-403 | Zbl | DOI
[8] Corrigendum to: Three-dimensional Lorentzian homogeneous Ricci solitons, Isr. J. Math., Volume 255 (2023) no. 2, pp. 975-984 | Zbl | DOI | MR
[9] Einstein-like metrics on three-dimensional homogeneous Lorentzian manifolds, Geom. Dedicata, Volume 127 (2007), pp. 99-119 | Zbl | DOI | MR
[10] Oscillator spacetimes are Ricci solitons, Nonlinear Anal., Theory Methods Appl., Volume 140 (2016), pp. 254-269 | Zbl | DOI | MR
[11] The Ricci soliton equation and the structure of homogeneous Gödel-type spacetimes, J. Math. Anal. Appl., Volume 465 (2018) no. 2, pp. 1112-1133 | Zbl | DOI | MR
[12] Siklos spacetimes as homogeneous Ricci solitons, Class. Quant. Grav., Volume 36 (2019) no. 9, Paper no. 095011, 13 pages | Zbl | DOI
[13] On semi-direct extensions of the Heisenberg group, Collect. Math., Volume 72 (2021) no. 1, pp. 1-23 | Zbl | DOI
[14] Solutions of the Ricci soliton equation for a large class of Siklos spacetimes, Int. J. Geom. Methods Mod. Phys., Volume 18 (2021) no. 4, Paper no. 2150052, 19 pages | Zbl | DOI | MR
[15] Einstein-like metrics on three-dimensional non-unimodular Lorentzian Lie Groups, Bull. Iran. Math. Soc., Volume 49 (2023) no. 2, Paper no. 14, 14 pages | Zbl | DOI | MR
[16] Recent progress on Ricci solitons, Recent advances in geometric analysis. Proceeding of the international conference on geometric analysis, Taipei, Taiwan, June 18–22, 2007 (Advanced Lectures in Mathematics), Volume 11, International Press; Higher Education Press, 2009, pp. 1-38 | Zbl
[17] Leçons sur la géométrie des espaces de Riemann, Gauthier-Villars, 1928, vi+273 pages | Zbl | MR
[18] Singularity theorems and the Lorentzian splitting theorem for the Bakry–Emery–Ricci tensor, J. Geom. Phys., Volume 60 (2010) no. 3, pp. 477-490 | Zbl | DOI | MR
[19] Pseudo-Riemannian homogeneous structures, Developments in Mathematics, 59, Springer, 2019, xv+230 pages | Zbl | DOI | MR
[20] Ricci solitons and geometry of four-dimensional non-reductive homogeneous spaces, Can. J. Math., Volume 64 (2012) no. 4, pp. 778-804 | Zbl | DOI | MR
[21] Four-dimensional pseudo-Riemannian homogeneous Ricci solitons, Int. J. Geom. Methods Mod. Phys., Volume 12 (2015) no. 5, Paper no. 1550056, 21 pages | Zbl | DOI | MR
[22] Homogeneous Riemannian structures in dimension three, Rev. R. Acad. Cienc. Exactas Fís. Nat., Ser. A Mat., RACSAM, Volume 117 (2023) no. 2, Paper no. 70, 11 pages | Zbl | MR
[23] Ricci solitons in three-dimensional paracontact geometry, J. Geom. Phys., Volume 98 (2015), pp. 1-12 | Zbl | DOI | MR
[24] Lorentzian BCV spaces: properties and geometry of their surfaces, J. Aust. Math. Soc., Volume 119 (2025) no. 2, pp. 129-151 | Zbl | DOI | MR
[25] Ricci solitons on low-dimensional generalized symmetric spaces, J. Geom. Phys., Volume 112 (2017), pp. 106-117 | Zbl | DOI | MR
[26] On the Geodesic Orbit Property for Lorentz Manifolds, J. Geom. Anal., Volume 32 (2022) no. 3, Paper no. 81, 14 pages | Zbl | DOI
[27] A complete classification of Ricci and Yamabe solitons of non-reductive homogeneous $4$-spaces, J. Geom. Phys., Volume 80 (2014), pp. 15-25 | Zbl | DOI
[28] Three-dimensional homogeneous Lorentzian structures, Rev. R. Acad. Cienc. Exactas Fís. Nat., Ser. A Mat., RACSAM, Volume 119 (2025) no. 2, Paper no. 41, 24 pages | Zbl | MR
[29] Generic properties of homogeneous Ricci solitons, Adv. Geom., Volume 14 (2014) no. 2, pp. 225-237 | Zbl | DOI | MR
[30] The Ricci flow on surfaces, Mathematics and general relativity (Contemporary Mathematics), Volume 71, American Mathematical Society, 1988, pp. 237-262 | Zbl | DOI
[31] Towards physically motivated proofs of the Poincaré and the geometrization conjectures, J. Geom. Phys., Volume 58 (2008) no. 2, pp. 259-290 | Zbl | DOI | MR
[32] Semi-Riemannian Geometry, Pure and Applied Mathematics, 103, Academic Press Inc., 1983, xiii+468 pages | Zbl | MR
[33] On solutions of the Ricci curvature and the Einstein equation, Isr. J. Math., Volume 171 (2009), pp. 61-76 | Zbl | DOI | MR
[34] Leçons de Géométrie Différentielle I, Ed. Acad. Rep. Roum., Bucarest, 1947, 422 pages | Zbl
Cited by Sources:
